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Verbos irregulares (passado) em inglês

Existem muitos verbos irregulares em inglês e não há escolha a não ser incubá-los de cor. Mesmo assim, existem certas conexões entre eles, das quais podemos aproveitar para aprendê-las.

Também encontramos verbos irregulares em outras línguas, como alemão, espanhol e outros, mas não nos dedicamos a eles.

Usando verbos irregulares em inglês

Cada verbo (regular e irregular) possui três formas básicas, que são:

  • o infinitivo
  • o passado
  • o particípio

Os verbos regulares formam o passado e o particípio, adicionando a mesma desinência -ed. Ao contrário, os verbos irregulares formam-no irregularmente. Então é necessário decorar.

O mesmo e ainda diferente

Alguns verbos irregulares em inglês têm a mesma forma de grafia no infinitivo, bem como nas duas variantes anteriores. Por exemplo, o verbo irregular passado de read: read / read / read. Todas as três formas deste verbo são iguais. Mas cuidado, a pronúncia desse verbo no infinitivo é diferente daquela do passado e do particípio passado: [ri:d] / [red] / [red].

o infinitivoo passadoo particípio
abideabided / abode *abided / abidden *
alightalighted / alitalighted / alit
arisearosearisen
awakeawoke / awaked *awoken / awaked *
be / am / is /arewas/werebeen
bearbore / bare *borne / born
beatbeatbeaten / beat
becomebecamebecome
beginbeganbegun
beholdbeheldbeheld / beholden *
bendbent / bended *bent / bended *
betbet / bettedbet / betted
bidbade / bidbid
bindboundbound / bounden *
bitebitbitten / bit *
bleedbledbled
blowblewblown
breakbroke / brake *broken / broke *
breedbredbred
bringbrought / brang * / brung *brought / brung */ broughten *
broadcastbroadcastbroadcast
buildbuiltbuilt
burnburned / burntburned / burnt
burstburst / brast *burst / bursten *
buyboughtbought / boughten *
castcastcast
catchcaught / catched *caught / catched *
clingclung / clang *clung
clotheclothed / cladclothed / clad
comecamecome / comen *
costcost / costedcost / costed
creepcrept / creeped / crope *crept / creeped / cropen *
cutcutcut
dealdealtdealt
digdug / digged *dug / digged *
divedived / dovedived / dove
do / doesdiddone
drawdrewdrawn
dreamdreamed / dreamt / drempt *dreamed / dreamt / drempt *
drinkdrank / drunk * / drinked *drank / drunk * / drinked * / drunken *
drivedrove / drave *driven
dwelldwelled / dweltdwelled / dwelt
eatateeaten
fallfell / felled *fallen / felled *
feedfedfed
feelfeltfelt
fightfoughtfought / foughten *
findfound / fand *found / founden *
fitfitted / fitfitted / fit
fleefledfled
flingflung / flang *flung
flyflewflown
forbidforbade / forbad / forbadeforbidden
forecastforecastforecast
foreseeforesawforeseen
foretellforetold / foretelled *foretold / foretelled *
forgetforgot / forgat *forgotten / forgot*
forgiveforgaveforgiven
forsakeforsookforsaken
freezefrozefrozen
getgot / gat *got / gotten
givegavegiven
gowentgone
grindground / grindedground / grinded / grounden *
growgrew / growed *grew / growed *
hanghung / hangedhung / hanged
have / hashadhad
hearheardheard
hidehidhidden / hid *
hithithit
holdheldheld / holden *
hurthurthurt
choosechosechosen
inlayinlaid / inlayed *inlaid / inlayed *
inputinputinput / inputten
keepkeptkept
kneelkneeled / kneltkneeled / knelt
knitknitted / knitknitted / knit
knowknewknown / knowen *
laylaid /layed *laid /layed *
leadledled
leanleaned / leantleaned / leant
leapleaped / leapt / lept */ lope *leaped / leapt / lopen *
learnlearned / learntlearned / learnt
leaveleftleft / laft *
lendlentlent
letlet / leet *let / letten *
lielaylain / lien *
lightlighted / litlighted / lit
loselostlost
makemademade
meanmeantmeant
meetmetmet
misleadmisledmisled
mistakemistook / mistaked *mistaken
misunderstandmisunderstoodmisunderstood / misunderstanden **
overdrawoverdrewoverdrawn
overhearoverheardoverheard
overtakeovertook / overtaked *overtaken
paypaid / payed *paid / payed *
proveprovedproved / proven
putputput / putten *
quitquit / quittedquit / quitted
readreadread / readen *
reprovereprovedreproved / reproven
ridridded / ridridded / rid
riderode / rid *ridden / rid *
ringrang / rung *rung
riseroserisen
runranrun
saysaidsaid
seesawseen
seeksoughtsought
sellsoldsold
sendsentsent
setsetset / setten *
sewsewedsewn / sewed / sewen *
shakeshook / shaked *shaken / shaked */ shook *
shearsheared / shoresheared / shorn
shedshedshed
shineshone / shinedshone / shined
shoeshoed / shodshodden / shoed / shod
shootshotshot / shotten *
showshowed / shew *shown / showed / shewed *
shrinkshrank / shrunkshrunk / shrunken
shutshutshut
singsang / sung *sung / sungen *
sinksank / sunksunk / sunken
sitsat / sate *sat / sitten *
slayslew / slayedslain / slayed
sleepsleptslept
slideslidslid / slidden *
slingslung / slang *slung
slinkslunk / slinked / slankslunk / slinked / slank
slitslitslit / slitten
smellsmelled / smeltsmelled / smelt
sneaksneaked / snucksneaked / snuck / snucked *
sowsowed / sew *sowed / sown
speakspoke / spake *spoken / spoke *
speedspeedded / speedspeedded / speed
spellspelled / speltspelled / spelt
spendspentspent
spillspilled / spiltspilled / spilt
spinspun / span *spun
spitspit / spatspit / spat
splitsplitsplit
spoilspoiled / spoiltspoiled / spoilt
spreadspread / spreaded *spread / spreaded *
springsprang / sprungsprung / sprang
standstoodstood / standen *
stealstolestolen
stickstuck / sticked *stuck / sticked *
stingstung / stang *stung
stinkstank / stunk *stunk
stridestrode / strided *stridden / strode / strid / stridded *
strikestruckstruck / stricken
stripstripped / striptstripped / stript
strivestrove / strivedstriven / strived
swearsworesworn
sweatsweated / sweatsweated / sweat
sweepswept / sweeped *swept / sweeped *
swellswelled / swole * / swelt *swelled / swollen
swimswam / swum *swum
swingswung / swangswung / swungen *
taketook / taked *taken
teachtaught / teached *taught / teached *
teartoretorn
telltold / talled *told / talled *
thinkthought / thinked *thought / thinked *
thrivethrived / throve / thrave *thrived / throve
throwthrew / throwed *threw / throwed *
thrustthrust / thrusted *thrust / thrusted *
treadtrod / tread * / treaded * / trodden *trodden / trod / tread * / treaded *
undergounderwentundergone
understandunderstoodunderstood / understanden *
undertakeundertook / undertaked *undertaken
upsetupsetupset / upsetten *
vexvexed / vext *vexed / vext *
wakewoke / waked *woken / waked *
wearwore / wearedworn / weared
weavewovewoven
wedwedded / wedwedded / wed
weepwept / weepedwept / weeped
winwonwon
windwoundwound
withdrawwithdrewwithdrawn
withholdwithheldwithheld / withholden *
withstandwithstoodwithstood / withstanden *
wringwrang / wrung / wringed *wrung / wringed *
writewrote / writ *written / writ *
befallbefell / befelled *befallen / befelled *
begetbegot / begat *begot / begotten
beseechbeseeched / besought *beseeched / besought *
besetbesetbeset / besetten *
bidbadebid
blessblessed / blest *blessed / blest *
bustbusted / bust *busted / bust *
cancouldxxx
clapclapped / clapt *clapped / clapt *
cleavecleaved / cleft / clove / clave *cleaved / cleft / clove
crowcrowed / crewcrowed / crown *
heaveheaved / hove *heaved / hove * / hoven *
hewhewed / hew *hewed / hewn
mowmowedmowed / mown
overcomeovercameovercome / overcomen *
overthrowoverthrew / overthrowed *overthrew / overthrowed *
partakepartook / partaked *partaken
pleadpleaded / pledpleaded / pled
rebuildrebuiltrebuilt
retellretold / retelled *retold / retelled *
shredshredded / shredshredded / shred
strewstrewedstrewed / strewn
subletsublet / subleet *sublet / subletten *
upholdupheldupheld / upholden *
bequeathbequeathed / bequethed / bequoth / bequod bequeathed / bequethed / bequoth / bequod
betakebetook / betaked *betaken
chidechided / chid / chode * chided / chid / chidden
forbearforbore / forbare * forborne / forborn *
girdgirded / girt *girded / girt *
interweaveinterwoveinterwoven
misspendmisspentmisspent
offsetoffset offset / offsetten *
outwearoutweared / outwore outweared / outworn
overdo / overdoesoverdidoverdone
overeatoverate / overet *overeaten
overseeoversawoverseen
oversleepoversleptoverslept
overwriteoverwrote / overwrit overwritten / overwrit
rendrentrent
repayrepaid / repayed * repaid / repayed *
rewriterewrote / rewrit rewritten / rewrit
underpayunderpaid / underpayed * underpaid / underpayed *
underwriteunderwrote / underwrit underwrote / underwrit
undo / undoesundidundone
unwindunwoundunwound
writhewrithed / wrothe * writhed / writhen *
overbearoverbore / overbare * overborne / overborn
browbeatbrowbeat browbeaten / browbeat
unbendunbent / unbended * unbent / unbended *
outbidoutbidoutbid
overbidoverbidoverbid
underbidunderbidunderbid
unbindunbound unbound / unbounden *
interbreedinterbredinterbred
overbuildoverbuiltoverbuilt
recastrecastrecast
unclotheunclad / unclothed unclad / unclothed
crosscutcrosscutcrosscut
undercutundercutundercut
misdealmisdealtmisdealt
misdo / misdoesmisdidmisdone
outdo / outdoesoutdidoutdone
redo / redoesredidredone
redrawredrewredrawn
test-drivetest-drove / test-drave *test-driven
fretfretted / fratefretted / fretten
bottle-feedbottle-fedbottle-fed
force-feedforce-feedforce-feed
hand-feedhand-feedhand-feed
overfeedoverfeedoverfeed
self-feedself-feedself-feed
spoon-feedspoon-feedspoon-feed
underfeedunderfeedunderfeed
overflyoverflewoverflown
test-flytest-flewtest-flown
quick-freezequick-frozequick-frozen
unfreezeunfrozeunfrozen
undergirdundergirded / undergirt * undergirded / undergirt *
glideglided / glid / glode * glided / glid / glidden *
foregoforewentforegone
forgoforwentforgone
outgrowoutgrew / outgrowed * outgrew / outgrowed *
overgrowovergrew / overgrowed * overgrew / overgrowed *
mishearmisheardmisheard
upheaveupheaved / uphove *upheaved / uphove * / uphoven *
helphelped / holp *helped / holpen *
hoisthoisted/hoisthoisted/hoist
hand-knithand-knit / hand-knitted hand-knit / hand-knitted
foreknowforeknew foreknown / foreknowen *
ladeladedladen / laded
laughlaughed / laught * / laugh'd * / low * laughed / laught */ laugh'd * / laughen *
belaybelaid / belayed * belaid / belayed *
mislaymislaid / mislayed * mislaid / mislayed *
re-layre-laid / re-layed * re-laid / re-layed *
waylaywaylaid / waylayed * waylaid / waylayed *
overleapoverleaped / overleapt / overlept * / overlope * overleaped / overleapt / overlopen *
relearnrelearned / relearnt relearned / relearnt
unlearnunlearned / unlearnt unlearned / unlearnt
overlieoverlay overlain / overlien *
underlieunderlay underlain / underlien *
green-lightgreen-lighted / green-lit green-lighted / green-lit
relightrelighted / relit relighted / relit
unmakeunmadeunmade
meltmelted / molt *melted / molten
mixmixed / mixt *mixed / mixt *
mustxxxxxx
overpayoverpaid / overpayed * overpaid / overpayed *
prepayprepaid / prepayed * prepaid / prepayed *
queath ** / quethe **queathed / quethed / quoth / quod queathed / quethed / quoth / quethen
reachreached / raught * / rought / retcht * reached / raught * / rought / retcht *
misreadmisread misread / misreaden *
rereadreread reread / rereaden *
sight-readsight-read sight-read / sight-readen *
reave **reaved/reftreaved/reft
outrideoutrode / outrid * outridden / outrid *
overrideoverrode / overrid * overridden / overrid *
upriseuproseuprisen
riverived / roverived / riven
outrunoutranoutrun
overrunoverranoverrun
seetheseethed / sod * seethed / sodden *
outselloutsoldoutsold
resellresoldresold
undersellundersoldundersold
resendresentresent
insetinsetinset / insetten
resetreset reset / resetten *
misshapemisshaped / misshope * misshaped / misshapen *
outshineoutshone / outshined outshone / outshined
shitshit / shitted / shat shit / shitted / shat / shitten *
overshootovershot overshot / overshotten *
undershootundershot undershot / undershotten *
foreshowforeshowed / foreshew * foreshown / foreshowed / foreshewed *
backslidebackslid backslid / backslidden *
slipslipped / slipt *slipped / slipt *
smitesmote / smit * smitten / smitted
bespeakbespoke / bespake * bespoken / bespoke *
overspendoverspentoverspent
overspreadoverspreadoverspread
staystayed / staid *stayed / staid *
bestrewbestrewed bestrewn / bestrewed
bestridebestrode / bestrided * bestridden / bestrode * / bestrid * / bestridded *
hamstringhamstrung / hamstringed * hamstrung / hamstringed *
forswearforsworeforsworn
retreadretrod / retread * / retreaded * / retrodden * retrodden / retrod / retread * / retreaded *
waxwaxed / wex * waxed / waxen *
wendwended / went *wended / went *
workworked / wrought * worked / wrought *
wreakwreaked / wrought * / wrack * / wroke * wreaked / wrought * / wreaken * / wroken *
ache / ake *ached / oke *ached / aken *
bakebaked / book *baked / baken *
bewarexxxxxx
blendblended / blent * blended / blent *
climbclimbed / clomb * climbed / clumb *
combcombedcombed / kempt
daredared / durst *dared
dingdinged / dang *dinged / dung *
dragdragged / drug * dragged / drug *
dressdressed / drest * dressed / drest *
earnearned / earnt *earned / earnt *